Bhutan is adopting electric vehicles (EVs), although the transition presents several challenges.

While progress has been made in expanding charging infrastructure, maintenance and repair capabilities have emerged as a concern. The growth in EV adoption requires a skilled workforce capable of servicing and repairing such vehicles, a requirement that is not currently fully supported by existing technical capabilities.

This gap in expertise presents risks to the country's carbon-neutral objectives, although efforts are underway to address the issue. Training programmes for technicians and related initiatives are being implemented to meet EV maintenance requirements. With more than 500 electric vehicles currently operating on Bhutan's roads, servicing capacity has become an increasing challenge.

EVs differ from internal combustion engine vehicles and require specialised knowledge in electrical systems, battery diagnostics, and software calibration. At present, Bhutan lacks sufficient expertise and infrastructure to meet these requirements.

Prabhat Biswa, a service provider and trainer in EV maintenance, noted the technical complexities associated with servicing EVs.

"Battery issues are a major concern because the technology is based on electronics, and when these components fail, it can cause significant problems," said Prabhat Biswa.

He added that factors such as water damage and abnormal system readings can further complicate repair processes. The absence of advanced diagnostic tools, combined with a shortage of skilled technicians, has also contributed to the problem.

In response, initiatives to train local technicians in EV maintenance are being implemented. Training programmes led by specialists, including Prabhat Biswa, aim to equip mechanics with the skills required to manage high-voltage systems, diagnostics, and repairs. Safety considerations are emphasised due to the risks associated with EV battery systems operating on high-voltage direct current.

These training sessions focus on the use of personal protective equipment and safe handling techniques to reduce potential hazards. Efforts also include training instructors at the Technical Training Institute, enabling them to transfer knowledge to future groups of mechanics.

"We are not just training technicians; we are creating a network of skilled professionals capable of supporting the EV ecosystem," said Prabhat Biswa.

Participants in the training programmes have reported positive outcomes. Yum Kumar Subba stated that practical sessions improved his ability to diagnose and repair EVs. "I now understand the complexities of EV maintenance and feel equipped to handle these advanced technologies," he said.

Another trainee, Tandin, said that the combination of theoretical and practical instruction improved his understanding of EV components and maintenance tools. "I have a better understanding of EV components and the tools needed for maintenance," he said.

Despite the progress made through training, infrastructure limitations remain. Charging stations are largely concentrated in urban centres such as Thimphu and Phuentsholing, leaving other regions, particularly in eastern Bhutan, with limited access.

"Without adequate charging points, the convenience of owning an EV diminishes, especially for long-distance travellers," said Prabhat Biswa, highlighting the need for additional investment in charging infrastructure.

EV owners also face delays in repairs due to the limited availability of local expertise and spare parts. Vehicles from major manufacturers often lack comprehensive after-sales support within the country, an issue that Prabhat Biswa indicated requires attention.

Despite these challenges, EV adoption is expected to continue. The government, private sector, and other stakeholders are involved in developing the supporting ecosystem. Training initiatives are helping to build technical capabilities and may also enable EV owners to perform basic maintenance tasks, potentially reducing pressure on service networks.

Stakeholders have advocated policies that encourage investment in infrastructure and technology. The expansion of charging networks and service capabilities may improve the practicality of EV adoption.

Bhutan's EV adoption is linked to its environmental policy objectives, although progress depends on addressing challenges such as skill shortages and infrastructure gaps. For individuals such as Yum Kumar Subba and Tandin, participation in EV-related training provides technical skills relevant to the sector.

Addressing these challenges will depend on investment in human resources, technology, and infrastructure. Bhutan's EV sector continues to develop, although maintenance challenges and skill gaps remain. Ongoing training and infrastructure development are expected to influence future progress.

"The success of the EV industry in Bhutan depends on our ability to adapt, innovate, and empower. Together, we can drive the country toward a cleaner, greener tomorrow," said Prabhat Biswa.